by admin | Oct 10, 2026
Observability is a measure of how well the internal states of a system can be inferred from knowledge of its external outputs. Rooted in control theory, observability in software systems is built on three pillars: logs (discrete events), metrics (numerical...
by admin | Oct 10, 2026
Application Performance Monitoring (APM) is the practice of tracking the performance and availability of software applications to maintain an expected level of service. APM tools collect data on response times, error rates, and throughput, and visualise application...
by admin | Oct 10, 2026
Distributed tracing is a debugging and performance-monitoring approach that follows a request as it travels through multiple services in a distributed system. Each service annotates the request with span data (timestamps, service name, operation) and forwards a trace...
by admin | Oct 10, 2026
Log management encompasses the collection, transmission, storage, parsing, and analysis of log data generated by IT systems, applications, and network devices. Centralised log management platforms (e.g., Elasticsearch/Kibana ELK Stack, Splunk, Loki) aggregate logs...